OLEORESIN PRODUCTION, TURPENTINE YIELD AND COMPONENTS OF PINUS MERKUSII FROM VARIOUS INDONESIAN PROVENANCES

Abstract

Oleoresin production and turpentine yield of Pinus merkusii plantation of three subpopulations from Aceh provenance (Jantho, Takengon and Blangkejeren) and Java land race were examined. The plantation is located in Jember District (600 m above sea level), east Java, Indonesia. Significant differences in oleoresin and turpentine yield were found between the three subpopulations. Oleoresin yield declined with increasing altitude of subpopulation origin, while turpentine yield increased with increasing altitude of subpopulation origin. The oleoresin yields were 12.2, 14.5, 18.0 and 21.1 g hole^-1 tree^-1 day^-1 for Takengon, Java land race, Blangkejeren and Jantho respectively. Repeatability estimates for oleoresin yield were moderate to high, ranging from 0.57 to 0.74. Turpentine yields were 13.6, 15.3, 16.0 and 19.6% for Java land race, Jantho, Blangkejeren and Takengon subpopulations respectively. The greatest turpentine components in all subpopulations were α-pinene (73.3–87.2%) and δ-3 carene (7.3–19.3%). Other minor components (< 3%) were β-pinene, camphene, myrcene, sabinene and limonene. Sabinene was not found in Java land race and Blangkejeren, while limonene was not found in Takengon.