CHEMICAL PROFILE OF EXTRACTIVES OF LECYTHIDACEAE FROM THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON

Abstract

The Lecythidaceae family in the Amazon rain forest offers notable technological potential, but its chemical compositions, particularly extractives, are poorly studied. These compounds serve ecological functions, including pollinator attraction and environmental defense, though certain extractives, namely phenols and alkaloids, may be toxic to humans. This study attempted to identify the chemical classes present in the extractives of Lecythidaceae species from the Brazilian Amazon. Samples were collected from secondary forests in Amazonas, Amapá, and Pará (Brazil). We obtained the extracts using water and ethanol and they were later analysed for chemical classes via phytochemical and physicochemical tests. The results showed the wood extractives of Eschweilera odora were the richest in chemical classes, including tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, and coumarins, while Couratari stellata and Corythophora rimosa had lower concentrations. These chemical compounds influence the wood’s properties, such as density, durability, and resistance to fungi and termites. We also discovered potential toxicological risks posed by certain extractives, which could be harmful to humans. Understanding the chemical composition of Lecythidaceae species, therefore, provides valuable insights into their potential uses in the pharmaceutical, botanical, and chemical industries, while aiding in classification and sustainable utilisation of these Amazonian woods.